Sɛ wofi ase wie a, wɔde nneɛma no gu nneɛma no mu ma ɛyɛ nwini. Adeyɛ a ɛma ɛyɛ nwini no fa nneɛma abien ho: nea edi kan no, afiri a wɔde yi nsu a ɛyɛ nwini no yi nsu bi fi hɔ denam mframa a ɛtwetwe nsu a ɛyɛ nwini so; nea ɛto so abien no, bere a ade no yɛ nwini no, wɔhyɛ nsu mu nneɛma nketenkete bi ma ɛkɔ soro na ɛyɛ nwini. Sɛ wodu nwini a wɔhwehwɛ no ho wie a, ɔhyew nhyehyɛe bi ma ade no yɛ hyew na ɛyow, na ɛtwe mframa a ɛwɔ mu no yi nsu biara a aka no fi hɔ, na afei wɔde kɔ nwini afiri no mu ma ɛyɛ nwini, na ɛnam so nya nwini-drying ahwehwɛde no.
Freeze-drying kyerɛ ɔkwan a wɔfa so yi nsuo anaa nneɛma foforɔ a wɔde siw ano firi abɔdeɛ a nkwa wom a wɔahyɛ no nwini mu denam sublimation so. Sublimation kyerɛ adeyɛ a ɛma ade a wɔde yɛ aduru te sɛ nsu te sɛ nsukyenee a ayow sesa tẽẽ fi tebea a ɛyɛ den mu kɔ mframa tebea mu a ɛnfa nsu tebea mu. Wɔfrɛ ade a wonya denam freeze-drying so no lyophilizer, na wɔfrɛ adeyɛ no freeze-drying. Amanne kwan so dry ma nneɛma no twetwe na ɛsɛe nkwammoaa. Wɔ freeze-drying mu no, nhwɛsode no nhyehyɛe nsɛe efisɛ nsukyenee a ɛwɔ wɔn ananmu no gyina nneɛma a ɛyɛ den no akyi. Bere a nsukyenee no kɔ soro no, ɛma ntini a ɛwɔ nkae a ayow no mu. Eyi kora aduru no abɔde a nkwa wom ne nnuru nhyehyɛe ne ne dwumadi mudi mu kura so. Wɔ aduruyɛdan mu no, freeze-drying wɔ dwumadie ahodoɔ pii na ɛho nhia wɔ biochemical ne nnuru dwumadie pii mu. Wɔde di dwuma de nya abɔdeɛ mu nneɛma a wɔbɛtumi akora so berɛ tenten, te sɛ mmoawa nketenkete amammerɛ, enzymes, mogya, ne nnuru, a ɛnyɛ wɔn a ɛgyina hɔ kyɛ-nkosie nko na mmom wɔn abɔdeɛ mu dwumadie ne nhyehyɛɛ a ɛwɔ hɔ nso. Esiane eyi nti, wɔde lyophilization di dwuma de siesie ntini nhwɛsode ma nhyehyɛe ho nhwehwɛmu (te sɛ electron microscopy). Wɔde lyophilization nso di dwuma wɔ nnuru mu nhwehwɛmu mu, de nhwɛsode a ayow ma anaasɛ wɔde nhwɛsode a wɔde ahyɛ mu ma ma nhwehwɛmu mu nkate kɔ soro. Lyophilization ma nhwɛsode no afã horow no gyina pintinn a ɛnsakra wɔn nnuru a ɛwom, na ɛma ɛyɛ mmoa a eye sen biara a wɔde hwehwɛ nneɛma mu. Lyophilization betumi aba wɔ awosu mu. Wɔ abɔde mu tebea horow mu no, adeyɛ yi yɛ brɛoo na wontumi nhu. Ɛdenam lyophilization nhyehyɛe ahorow a wɔayɛ so no, wɔama anammɔn pii atu mpɔn na wɔayɛ no yiye, na ama saa adeyɛ yi akɔ so ntɛmntɛm.
