Freeze-drying (lyophilization) yɛ honam fam nsuo a ɛba fam-ɔhyeɛ ho mfiridwuma a ɛsono wɔ atetesɛm mu ɔhyeɛ a ɛkorɔn-ɔhyeɛ a ɛyow ho. Ne nnyinasosɛm titiriw no gyina nsu a ɛwɔ sublimation su so. Wɔ ɔhyew a ɛba fam-a ɛba fam-vacuum tebea mu no, wɔma nsu a ɛwɔ nnuaba a wɔayɛ no foforo mu no yɛ nwini ma ɛbɛyɛ nsukyenee a ɛyɛ den, a ɛkɔ soro tẽẽ ma ɛyɛ mframa na ɛtetew mu fi nnuaba ntini mu a ɛnfa nsu a ɛyɛ nsu mu, na awiei koraa no ɛyɛ nnuaba a ɛyɛ nwini a ɛyɛ nwini na ɛyɛ nwini-a ɛyɛ nwini.
Wɔakyekyɛ freeze-drying nhyehyɛe a edi mũ no mu ayɛ no core stages abiɛsa. Nea edi kan ne ansa na-ayɛ nwini: wɔhohoro nnuaba a wɔayɛ no foforo, twitwa mu na wɔyɛ no nsɛso, afei wɔde yɛ nwini ntɛmntɛm wɔ ɔhyew a ɛyɛ digrii -30 kosi -digrii 50 mu de to nnuaba no nkwammoaa nhyehyɛe mu na wɔasiw nkwammoaa a ɛsɛe a ɛnam nwini a ɛyɛ brɛoo so de ba no ano. Nea ɛto so abien ne vacuum sublimation drying: wɔ mfiri a wɔato mu a vacuum kɛse wom mu no, nsukyenee a ɛyɛ den a ɛwɔ nnuaba no mu no twetwe ɔhyew na ɛyɛ sublimate ntɛmntɛm, na eyi nsu a enni mu 90%–95% fi hɔ. Nea ɛtɔ so mmiɛnsa ne analytical drying: yi nsuo a wɔakyekyere no nkaeɛ wɔ aduaba no mu bio, na ɛtew nsuo a ɛtwa toɔ a ɛwɔ aduru no mu no so kɔ fam nnu 5%, a ɛma wohu sɛ wɔde nnuaba no sie bere tenten.
Sɛ wɔde toto atetesɛm mu mfiridwuma a ɛma ɔhyew a ɛkorɔn te sɛ mframa a ɛyɛ hyew a wɔde we ne paanoo ho a, freeze-drying wɔ mfiridwuma mu mfaso a wontumi nsi ananmu. Nea edi kan no, aduannuru a ɛkora so yiye. Ɛkame ayɛ sɛ ɔhyew a ɛkɔ soro-ohyew no bɛsɛe ɔhyew-nuannuru a ɛyɛ mmerɛw te sɛ vitamin C, aduan mu nhama ne nnuaba mu enzymes a ɛwɔ nnuaba mu, bere a ɛkame ayɛ sɛ ɔhyew a ɛba fam-ohyew a ɛyow-ma ɛwow no kura nnuaba a wɔayɛ no foforo mfitiase aduannuru 98%. Nea ɛto so abien, mfitiase dɛ ne sɛnea wɔsan yɛ no. Vacuum a ɛba fam-ɔhyew no nsɛe nnuaba nkwammoaa nhyehyɛe, enti nnuaba a wɔayam no nwini mu-kura nnuaba a wɔayɛ no foforo no kɔla, ne nsusuwii ne ne dɛ a edi kan no mu, a ɛyɛ crisp na ɛyɛ porous texture, na wobetumi asan de nsu ahyɛ mu ntɛmntɛm de asan de nnuaba a ɛyɛ foforo tebea asan aba bere a wɔatwe nsu awie no. Nea ɛto so abiɛsa, ultra-nkwa nna tenten. Wɔ freeze-drying akyi no, woyi nsuo 95%–99%, a ɛno titire no siw mmoawa, nsunsuo ne mmoawa nketenkete awo ano. Sɛ wɔamfa nneɛma biara anhyɛ mu a, bere a wɔde sie no betumi adu asram 12–24 wɔ dan mu hyew mu.
Wɔ mfiridwuma mu nneɛma a wɔyɛ mu no, nneɛma atitiriw abiɛsa titiriw na ɛka nnuaba a wɔayam no nwini-a ɛyɛ papa. Nea edi kan no, eutectic point a ɛwɔ nnuaba mu. Nnuaba ahorow wɔ asikre ne nsu a ɛsono emu biara, na ɛde eutectic nsɛntitiriw ahorow ba, na ɛno na ɛkyerɛ awɔw hyew ne sublimation kyinhyia a eye sen biara. Nea ɛto so abien, vacuum℃control. Vacuum a ɛkorɔn a ɛyɛ den ne ade titiriw a ɛbɛma wɔahwɛ ahu sɛ sublimation yɛ pɛ na wɔakwati sɛ nneɛma no bɛyow a ɛnyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ na ɛbɛsɛe wɔ mpɔtam hɔ. Nea ɛto so abiɛsa, pre-freezing rate. Nwini a ɛyɛ nwini ntɛmntɛm betumi ayɛ nsukyenee a ɛyɛ fɛ wɔ nnuaba mu, akura nkwammoaa nhyehyɛe a edi mũ mu na akwati sɛ nneɛma a wɔyɛ no ayɛ mmerɛw na ayɛ ketewaa.
Esiane atifi hɔ mfiridwuma mu mfaso nti, freeze-drying mfiridwuma abɛyɛ mfiridwuma titiriw a ɛkorɔn-end processing mfiridwuma ma nnuaba ne nhabannuru. Ɛdi nnwuma mu ɛyaw nsɛntitiriw a ɛyɛ nnuaba a ɛyɛ foforo bere tiaa, akwantu a ɛyɛ den-akyirikyiri ne aduannuru a ɛyera kɛse wɔ nnuaba a ayow a wɔde di dwuma wɔ amanne kwan so no ho dwuma, na wogye tom kɛse wɔ nnuaba a wɔayam no yiye, nkokoaa aduan, nneɛma a ɛyɛ adwuma ne nneɛma a wɔde kɔ amannɔne ho gua ahorow so.
